Optimization and Characterization of Flavipin Produced by Aspergillus Terreus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.350Abstract
Abstract Views: 138
The secondary metabolites of microorganisms serve as defence or signalling molecules in ecological interactions, revealing substantial survival benefits in nature. As a result, many researchers have concentrated on screening and optimizing the production of these molecules from natural sources such as microorganisms with the objective of pharmacological uses, primarily as antibiotics or anticancer agents. In this study, 80 isolates of Aspergillus were investigated for the production of flavipin. These fungi were collected from various locations and laboratories. Flavipin was estimated by using a standard curve, then purified by using silica gel chromatography, followed by identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fermentation conditions were carried out at the Central Health Laboratory/Maysan Health Directorate from April 2021 to August 2022. Out of eighty isolates of Aspergillus, only one isolate was identified as producer of flavipin which was Aspergillus terreus. According to HPLC analysis, the retention times of flavipin and its standard were 7.7 minutes and 7.6 minutes, respectively. By using the TLC technique, the relative flow (Rf) value was 0.55 cm for both standard flavipin and flavipin. The optimization of growth conditions and production of flavipin were studied. It is revealed that optimum conditions were as follows: pH 7 on 16 days, the temperature of 25oC for 12 days, culture volume of 50 ml on the 16th day, shaking speed of 150 rpm on the 12th day, inoculum size of 8 fungal agar disc on the 12th day, the optimal incubation period of 14 days, and Potato Dextrose Broth as the optimal culture media. The aim of the study was to determination of optimal conditions for the flavipin production that produced by Aspergillus terreus. For yielding a profuse amount of flavipin, the incubation and fermentation conditions such as temperature, the culture volume, shaking speed, inoculum size, pH of the medium, incubation period, and the type of culture media should be considered and the optimal one must be chosen.
Keywords:
Flavipin, Aspergillus terreus, optimal conditions, HPLC, TLC
Metrics
References
Alshehri, B., & Palanisamy, M. (2020). Evaluation of molecular identification of Aspergillus species causing fungal keratitis. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(2), 751-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.030
Arora, P., Kumar, A., A Vishwakarma, R., & Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, S. (2021). A natural association of a yeast with Aspergillus terreus and its impact on the host fungal biology. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 368(6), fnab032. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnab032
Attia, M. S., Hashem, A. H., Badawy, A. A., & Abdelaziz, A. M. (2022). Biocontrol of early blight disease of eggplant using endophytic Aspergillus terreus: improving plant immunological, physiological and antifungal activities. Botanical Studies, 63(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-022-00357-6
Bamford, P. C., Norris, G. L. F., & Ward, G. (1961). Flavipin production by Epicoccum spp. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 44(3), 354-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(61)80028-4
Burge, W. R., Buckley, L. J., Sullivan Jr, J. D., McGrattan, C. J., & Ikawa, M. (1976). Isolation and biological activity of the pigments of the mold Epicoccum nigrum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 24(3), 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60205a005
Cai, S., Sun, S., Zhou, H., Kong, X., Zhu, T., Li, D., & Gu, Q. (2011). Prenylated polyhydroxy-p-terphenyls from Aspergillus taichungensis ZHN-7-07. Journal of natural products, 74(5), 1106-1110. https://doi.org/10.1021/np2000478
Ellis, D. H., Davis, S., Alexiou, H., Handke, R., & Bartley, R. (2007). Descriptions of medical fungi (Vol. 2). Adelaide: University of Adelaide.
Flewelling, A. J., Bishop, A. L., Johnson, J. A., & Gray, C. A. (2015). Polyketides from an endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus isolate inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MRSA. Natural product communications, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501001009
Gehlot, P., & Singh, J. (Eds.). (2018). Fungi and their role in sustainable development: current perspectives. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Kumar, V. S., Kumaresan, S., Tamizh, M. M., Islam, M. I. H., & Thirugnanasambantham, K. (2019). Anticancer potential of NF-κB targeting apoptotic molecule “flavipin” isolated from endophytic Chaetomium globosum. Phytomedicine, 61, 152830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152830
Lloyd, D. (2012). Topics in Carbocyclic Chemistry: Volume One. Springer Science & Business Media.
M De La Maza, L. (1997). Color Atlas of diagnostic microbiology. Mosby.
Madrigal, C., Tadeo, J. L., & Melgarejo, P. (1991). Relationship between flavipin production by Epicoccum nigrum and antagonism against Monilinia laxa. Mycological Research, 95(12), 1375-1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80388-2
Madrigal, C., Tadeo, J. L., & Melgarejo, P. (1993). Degradation of flavipin by Monilinia laxa. Mycological Research, 97(5), 634-636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81189-1
Mapari, S. A., Nielsen, K. F., Larsen, T. O., Frisvad, J. C., Meyer, A. S., & Thrane, U. (2005). Exploring fungal biodiversity for the production of water-soluble pigments as potential natural food colorants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 16(2), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2005.03.004
Naylor, B. C., Catrow, J. L., Maschek, J. A., & Cox, J. E. (2020). QSRR automator: A tool for automating retention time prediction in lipidomics and metabolomics. Metabolites, 10(6), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060237
Pettersson, G. (1965). The biosynthesis of flavipin. II. Incorporation of aromatic precursors. Acta chemica Scandinavica, 19(7), 1724-1732. https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.19-1724
Raistrick, H., & Rudman, P. (1956). Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 97. Flavipin, a crystalline metabolite of Aspergillus flavipes (Bainier & Sartory) Thom & Church and Aspergillus terreus Thom. Biochemical Journal, 63(3), 395. https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0630395
Stanstrup, J., Neumann, S., & Vrhovsek, U. (2015). PredRet: prediction of retention time by direct mapping between multiple chromatographic systems. Analytical chemistry, 87(18), 9421-9428. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02287
Upendra, R. S., Pratima, K., Amiri, Z. R., Shwetha, L., & Ausim, M. (2013). Screening and molecular characterization of natural fungal isolates producing lovastatin. J Microb Biochem Technol, 5(2), 25-30.
Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., Huang, X., Luo, Z., Chen, J., & Cai, P. (2017). Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Marine Drugs, 15(11), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15110348
Wang, Y. T., Xue, Y. R., & Liu, C. H. (2015). A brief review of bioactive metabolites derived from deep-sea fungi. Marine drugs, 13(8), 4594-4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13084594
Xiao, Y., Li, H. X., Li, C., Wang, J. X., Li, J., Wang, M. H., & Ye, Y. H. (2013). Antifungal screening of endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba for discovery of potent anti-phytopathogenic fungicides. FEMS microbiology letters, 339(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12065
Yan, W., Cao, L. L., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhao, R., Zhao, S. S., Khan, B., & Ye, Y. H. (2018). New metabolites from endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum CDW7. Molecules, 23(11), 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112873
Ye, Y., Xiao, Y., Ma, L., Li, H., Xie, Z., Wang, M., ... & Liu, J. (2013). Flavipin in Chaetomium globosum CDW7, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba, contributes to antioxidant activity. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 97, 7131-7139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-5013-8
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
